Refractive error astigmatism causes blurred vision because of an irregularly shaped cornea or lens. Laser eye surgery has revolutionized the treatments of this condition by providing patients with various options to rectify their vision. Patients can make better decisions about their eyesight after identifying and understanding the different types of laser eye surgeries. Here are the different types of surgery for patients with astigmatism:
LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)
In this laser eye surgery, a surgeon makes a thin flap in the cornea using either a microkeratome or femtosecond laser. The surgeon then lifts the flap to expose the tissue lying beneath and passes an excimer laser beam through it to alter its shape. The laser removes some parts of the irregularly shaped cornea that cause astigmatism. It is repositioned and heals itself without stitches.
PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
Astigmatism can also be treated with PRK, an alternative type of eye surgery. PRK is different from LASIK in that no corneal flap is created. Instead, the surgeon peels away the outermost layer of the cornea, called epithelium, to expose underlying corneal tissue. The cornea is then reshaped using an excimer laser to correct astigmatism. The epithelium regenerates naturally within a few days after the procedure.
LASEK (Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis)
LASEK is a PRK variant that incorporates features of both PRK and LASIK. LASEK uses alcohol to loosen the epithelium and gently move it aside instead of completely removing it. Then, an excimer laser reshapes the underlying corneal tissue to rectify the astigmatism. The epithelium is put back in place after healing it over the cornea. Thin corneas can be treated with LASEK for patients who are not fit for LASIK.
SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction)
Small incision lenticule extraction creates a small lens-shaped incision in the cornea using a femtosecond laser. Through the tiny incision, it takes out the lenticule to reshape the cornea and correct the astigmatism. SMILE decreases the risk of dry eyes and also preserves greater amounts of corneal strength. It takes a short time to heal, and many patients have better sight within days.
Topography-Guided Laser Eye Surgery
Advanced topography-guided eye surgery personalizes the laser treatment using its unique topography capabilities. The surface of the cornea is precisely measured to identify any abnormalities. The measurements direct an excimer laser to reshape the cornea to remove astigmatism. Advanced topography-guided surgery may be more suitable for complicated cases of astigmatism. This is because it can provide highly individualized care, so even complex issues are solvable. This approach can be combined with LASIK, PRK, or LASEK, depending on what the patient requires.
Wavefront-Guided Laser Eye Surgery
The laser eye surgery wavefront-guided technique provides a detailed map of the optical system of an individual’s eye. It shows surface irregularities and internal aberrations that can impair vision. The excimer laser uses data from the wavefront map to remodel the cornea to rectify astigmatism and other errors of refraction. This technology improves visual acuity by reducing side effects like glares and halos that can result from traditional treatments. To accomplish this, surgeons integrate it with LASIK or PRK procedures so that each patient receives a personalized treatment plan.
How to Choose the Right Eye Surgery
Before undergoing laser eye surgery for astigmatism, patients have an eye examination and consultation with an experienced professional. The choice of surgery depends on factors like corneal thickness, overall ocular health, and the amount of astigmatism. All types of laser eye surgeries have their benefits, but only a specialist can suggest the most fitting procedure for each particular case. Patients should talk with their surgeon about their lifestyles, what they expect from the healing process, and any concerns they might have.
Schedule for a Laser Eye Surgery
Several types of laser eye surgeries can treat astigmatism, and each has its unique advantages. LASIK, PRK, LASEK, SMILE, topography-guided, and wavefront-guided procedures may provide effective solutions for astigmatism correction and vision improvement. You need help from trained ophthalmologists to ascertain which technique is ideal for your case based on your needs. A professional gives direction throughout the process and makes personalized recommendations so that every patient is fully informed and feels ready for their surgery. Reach out to an ophthalmologist today to discuss your options for fixing your astigmatism.
